DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Regional Development and Tourism 2024, 16(3):145-171 | DOI: 10.32725/det.2024.015

Towards a European model of spatial planning: an attempt to grasp the intellectual content of Europeanisation as reflected in European spatial planning documents

Géza Salamina
a Corvinus University of Budapest, 1093 Budapest, Fővám tér 8., Hungary


The study contributes to the debate on the Europeanisation of spatial planning by attempting to identify the intellectual content of the EU-level orientation towards the transformation of spatial planning systems and practices of Member States. The paper analyses relevant European-level spatial-planning-related policy documents to reveal the directions of the Europeanisation of domestic planning systems. This paper argues that the EU-driven spatial planning changes can be captured in a limited number of dimensions. Based on content analysis of European-level documents on urban policy, territorial cohesion and spatial development, the author proposes the EUropean Model of Spatial Planning (EMP) as a theoretical framework for EU-motivated changes. EMP includes the five dimensions in which the EU motivates (directly or indirectly) changes in national spatial planning systems: 1. Influence on the content of plans (European objectives and topics); 2. Influence on the geography of planning (new spaces); 3. Influence on policy logic (comprehensive planning); 4. Influence on process and roles (territorial/urban governance); and 5. Influence on planning instruments (soft and integrating forms). The case of the changes in Hungarian spatial planning practice is briefly overviewed to illustrate the potential use of EMP.

Keywords: spatial planning, Europeanisation, territorial governance, European Union, Central and Eastern Europe, European spatial planning, Hungary

Published: February 3, 2025  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Salamin, G. (2024). Towards a European model of spatial planning: an attempt to grasp the intellectual content of Europeanisation as reflected in European spatial planning documents. DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Regional Development and Tourism16(3), 145-171. doi: 10.32725/det.2024.015
Download citation

References

  1. Allmendinger, P. (2000). Planning in Postmodern Times, London: Routledge.
  2. Allmendinger, P. et al. (2015). Soft spaces of Europe. Re-negotiating Governance, Boundaries and Borders. Oxon: Routledge, 247. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315768403 Go to original source...
  3. Allmendinger, P. (2016). 'Towards a Post-Positivist Typology of Planning', Theory. Planning Theory, 1(1), 77-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/147309520200100105 Go to original source...
  4. Bajmócy, Z. (2021). Participation in Urban Planning and the Post-Socialist Legacy. Revisiting Maier's Hypothesis Through the Case of Hungary. Deturope, 13(1), 4-23. doi: 10.32725/det.2021.001 Go to original source...
  5. Berisha, E., Cotella, G., Janin Rivolin, U., & Solly, A. (2021). Spatial governance and planning systems in the public control of spatial development: a European typology'. European Planning Studies, 29(1), 181-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2020.1726295 Go to original source...
  6. Berisha, E., & Cotella, G. (2024). Europeanisation of spatial planning. The Western Balkans between innovation and resistance. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2024.2352890 Go to original source...
  7. Böhme, K., & Waterhout, B. (2008). The Europeanization of Planning. In Faludi, A. (Ed.), European Spatial Research and Planning (pp. 225-248). Cambridge: Massachusetts: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
  8. CEC (1997). The EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
  9. Cotella G., & Janin Rivolin, U. (2011). Europeanization of Spatial Planning through Discourse and Practice in Italy. disP: The Planning Review, 47(186), 42-53. Go to original source...
  10. D±browski, M., & Piskorek, K. (2018). The development of strategic spatial planning in Central and Eastern Europe: between path dependence, European influence, and domestic politics. Planning Perspectives, 33(4), 571-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2018.1513373 Go to original source...
  11. Deas, I., Haughton, G., & Hincks, S. (2015). 'A good geography is whathever it needs to be': the Atlantic Gateway and evolving spatial imaginaries in North-West England. In Allmendinger, P. et al. (Eds.), Soft spaces in Europe. London: Routledge.
  12. ESPON (2018). COMPASS - Comparative Analysis of Territorial Governance and Spatial Planning Systems in Europe, Final Report. Luxembourg: ESPON.
  13. Evers, D., & Tennekes, J. (2016). The Europeanisation of spatial planning in the Netherlands, PBL Netherlands Environmental Agency, The Hague.
  14. Faludi, A., (2011). Cohesion, Coherence, Cooperation: European Spatial Planning Coming of Age? RTPI Library Series, Oxon, Routledge.
  15. Faludi, A. (2013). Territorial cohesion, territorialism, territoriality, and soft planning: a critical review, Environment and Planning A, 45(6), 1302-1317. https://doi.org/10.1068/a45299 Go to original source...
  16. Faludi, A. (2014). EUropeanisation or Europeanisation of spatial planning?, Planning Theory & Practice, 15(2), 155-169, DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2014.902095 Go to original source...
  17. Faludi, A. (2019). Perspectives on the EUropeanisation and EUropeanisation of Planning. In Salvatori, F. (Ed.), L'apporto della Geografia tra rivoluzioni e riforme. Atti del XXXII Congresso Geografico Italiano (pp. 2533-2539). A.Ge.I.
  18. Farinós Dasí, J. (Ed.) (2006). ESPON project 2.3.2 Governance of Territorial and Urban Policies from EU to Local Level.
  19. Freestone, R. (2001). History of Urban Planning (Western). In Smelser, N. J., & Baltes, P. B. (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier, 16058-16063 Go to original source...
  20. Gänzle, S., & Kern, K. (Eds.) (2016). A 'Macro-regional' Europe in the making: Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Evidence, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-50972-7 Go to original source...
  21. Getimis, P. (2012). Comparing Spatial Planning Systems and Planning Cultures in Europe. The Need for a Multi-scalar Approach. Planning Practice and Research, 27(1), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2012.659520 Go to original source...
  22. Giannakourou, G. (2012). The Europeanization of National Planning: Explaining the Causes and the Potentials of Change. Planning Practice and Research, 27 (1) pp. 117-135. Go to original source...
  23. Haughton, G., Allmendinger, P., Counsell, D., & Vigar, G. (2010). The New Spatial Planning. Territorial Management with Soft Spaces and Fuzzy Boundaries, London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203864425 Go to original source...
  24. Hardi, T. (2022). Differences and similarities in the expansion of suburban built-up areas around the different city regions of three Central European countries. Tér és Társadalom, 36(3), 165-193. doi: 10.17649/TET.36.3.3429. Go to original source...
  25. Kazakov, B., Hardi, T., Ilieva, N., Ravnachka, A., Poleganova, D., Rácz, S., & Smahó, M. (2024). Suburbanization Processes in Sofia: Demographic, Socio-Economic and Spatial Transformation of the Agglomeration Area. Tér és Társadalom, 38(1), 32-55. doi: 10.17649/TET.38.1.3541. Go to original source...
  26. Kiss, B. Á., & Porhajas, G. L. (2024). Az önkormányzati feladatellátás kihívásai Magyarország eltérő adottságú agglomerációs térségeiben. Tér és Társadalom, 38(3), 95-117. doi: 10.17649/TET.38.3.3561 Go to original source...
  27. Kocsis, J. B. (2019a). Peculiarities of Residents' Involvement in Suburban Areas of Major Metropolises. In BM ÖKI (Eds.), Perspectives of Local Governments in Central-Eastern Europe: Practices and Innovations (pp. 294-313). Budapest: BM ÖKI.
  28. Kocsis, J. B. (2019b). Public participation in Hungarian local governments. In BM ÖKI (Eds.), Perspectives of Local Governments in Central-Eastern Europe: Common Learning and Innovations (116-131). Budapest: BM ÖKI.
  29. Knickel, K., et al. (2021). Towards more balanced territorial relations - The role (and limitations) of spatial planning as a governance approach. Sustainability, 13(9), 5308. Go to original source...
  30. Kuhn, T. (1984). A tudományos forradalmak szerkezete. Budapest: Gondolat Kiadó.
  31. Kunzmann, K. (2006). The Europeanisation of spatial Planning. In Adams, N., Alden, J., & Harris, N. (Eds.). Regional development and spatial planning in an enlarged European Union, Hamshire: ASHGATE.
  32. Lenschow, A. (2006). Europeanisation of public policy. In Richardson, J. (Ed.), European Union - Power and Policy Making (pp. 55-71). 3rd ed. Abingdon: Routledge. Go to original source...
  33. Luukkonen, J. (2015). Planning in Europe for 'EU'rope: Spatial planning as a political technology of territory. Planning Theory. 14(2), 174-194. Go to original source...
  34. Maier, K. (2012). Europeanization and Changing Planning in East-Central Europe: An Easterner's View. Planning Practice & Research, 27(1), 137-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2012.661596 Go to original source...
  35. Medeiros, E. (Ed.) (2018). European Territorial Cooperation. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74887-0_10 Go to original source...
  36. Nadin, V., & Stead, D. (2013). Opening up the Compendium: An evaluation of international comparative planning research methodologies. European Planning Studies, 21(10), 1542-1561. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.722958 Go to original source...
  37. Pálné Kovács, I. (2021). A centralizáció és a perifériák fejlődési esélyei. Tér és Társadalom, 35(4), 215-240. doi: 10.17649/TET.35.4.3372 Go to original source...
  38. Pálné Kovács, I. (2023). What Can Hungarian Counties do for the Countryside? European Countryside 15(2), 297-312. Go to original source...
  39. Pámer, Z. (2021). Tackling the measurement of cross-border cooperation intensity: an empirical example on the Hungary-Croatia border. Deturope, 13(2), 125-138. doi: 10.32725/det.2021.016 Go to original source...
  40. Péti, M. (2011). A területi tervezés és fejlesztés a fenntarthatóság jegyében & Stratégiai környezeti vizsgálatok földrajzi szemlélettel. Szeged: JATEPress.
  41. Péti, M., & Szalóky-Hoffmann, C. (2016). Geostrategic Context of Networking of National Minority Communities in Territorial Cooperation Programmes of the EU. Deturope, 8(3), 156-169. doi: 10.32725/det.2016.028 Go to original source...
  42. Purkarthofer, E. (2018). Understanding Europeanisation from Within: The Interpretation, Implementation and Instrumentalisation of European Spatial Planning in Austria and Finland. [Doctoral Thesis, Aalto University]. Aalto University.
  43. Rácz, S., & Egyed, I. (2023). From the "West of the East" to the "East of the West": The post-socialist economic and structural transition of Central and South-Eastern Europe. Deturope, 15(2), 9-27. doi: 10.32725/det.2023.010 Go to original source...
  44. Radaelli, C. M. (2004). Europeanisation: Solution or problem? European Integration Online Papers, 8(16), 1-23.
  45. Schmitt, P., & Wiechmann, T. (2018). Unpacking Spatial Planning as the Governance of Place: Extracting Potentials for Future Advancements in Planning Research. disP - The Planning Review, 54(4), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2018.1562795 Go to original source...
  46. Salamin, G. (2018). A földrajzi tér alakításának európaizálódása: Az Európai Unió térbeli stratégiáinak, tervezésének és kohéziós politikájának hatása az európai országok térbeli tervezési rendszereinek transzformációjára. (Doctoral dissertation), Gödöllő: Szent István University.
  47. Salamin, G., & Péti, M. (2019). Tervkészítéstől a governance-ig: A térbeli tervezés európai fogalma, jelentései és lehetséges hazai kapcsolódásai. Tér és Társadalom, 33(3), 7-28. https://doi.org/10.17649/TET.33.3.3175 Go to original source...
  48. Salamin, G. (2019). Hungarian Efforts to Mainstream Territorial Cohesion in Development Policy: Signs of Europeanisation of Domestic Spatial Planning. Corvinus Regional Studies, 4(1-2). 5-27.
  49. Salamin, G. (2023). The mapping of forms of spatial planning: An instrument-oriented tool for the international comparison of spatial planning activities, European Spatial Research and Policy, 30(1), 55-78. DOI: 10.18778/1231-1952.30.1.03 Go to original source...
  50. Salamin, G, (2021). Approaches and Forms of Europeanisation Affecting Domestic Spatial Planning Systems. Corvinus Regional Studies, 6(1-2), 41-69.
  51. Stead, D. (2013). Convergence, divergence, or constancy of spatial planning? Connecting theoretical concepts with empirical evidence from Europe. Journal of Planning Literature, 28(1), 19-31. Go to original source...
  52. Stead, D., & Pálné Kovács, I. (2016). Shifts in governance and government across Europe. In Schmitt, P., & Van Well, L. (Eds.), Territorial governance across Europe. Pathways, practices and prospects (pp. 21-35). Routledge research in planning and urban design. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716220 Go to original source...
  53. Szabó, P., Józsa, V., & Gordos, T. (2021). Cohesion policy challenges and discovery in 2021-2027. The case of Hungary. Deturope, 13(2), 66-100. doi: 10.32725/det.2021.014 Go to original source...
  54. Van Well, L., & Schmitt, P. (2016). Territorial governance across Europe. In Schmitt, P., & VAN Well, L. (Eds.), Territorial governance across Europe. Pathways, practices and prospects (pp. 3-20). Routledge research in planning and urban design, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716220 Go to original source...
  55. Waterhout, B., Mourato, J. M., & Böhme, K. (2016). The Impact of Europeanisation on Planning Cultures. In Knieling, J., & Othengrafen, F. (Eds.), Planning cultures in Europe: Decoding Cultural Phenomena in Urban and Regional Planning (pp. 239-254). London and New York: Routledge.
  56. Zimmerbauer, K., & Paasi, A. (2020), 'Hard work with soft spaces (and vice versa): probelmatizing the transformating planning spaces', European Planning Studies, 28 (4), 771-789. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1653827 Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.