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Events all around the world bring new challenges not only to tourists and tourism professionals, but also to law enforcement agencies. Today's new law enforcement challenges include, besides general police tasks, the elimination of terrorist threats in tourist destinations and at special events. Professional difficulties involve the lack of local knowledge of the stationed personnel, the estimated time of arrival at the venue, and the limitations of observation and communication in large crowds. The study, among other things, seeks to find out how recent events have influenced the leisure habits in tourist destinations and event venues, furthermore, whether news in the media generate a sense of security or mistrust in humans. If we go beyond the classical sense of security that is the freedom from unlawful acts, namely, from terrorist attacks, we should also mention many elements of technical security. The broad sense of security includes safety of the environment (built and natural), consumption and health. However, we can take a different view. Not only the tourists' safety needs to be emphasized and focused on, but safe tourism is also important for the residents in the tourist destination. In addition, there is an emerging trend that prefers nature and tranquility to busy cities and resorts bustling with tourists. The research seeks to find out what factors affect the employees in Western Hungary and the consumer behavior in tourism in Zala County, along with the cultural and social characteristics and the psychological needs (e.g.: motivation, perception, attitudes). How consumers see the security of tourism and what are the aspects that may be important when choosing a holiday destination. What kind of responses the agencies in tourism sector have had for security issues in recent years, which can prevent problems and increase the sense of security for those who want to relax.

In the post-socialist period, rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe underwent a complex transformation process that resulted in creation of numerous large-scale abandoned post-agricultural premises not unlike industrial brownfields. Our study aims to reveal hidden but critical points of successful and sustainable regeneration of abandoned and contaminated ruin of the former socialistic cowshed that can be transferred to other communities dealing with a similar issue. Our case study is located in the municipality Čejkovice in the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. By means of qualitative analysis of all available documentation and interviews with stakeholders, we followed the unique and complicated story of the 30 years lasting (between 1990-2020) regeneration. The following factors governing successful regeneration process were identified: i) orientation on pro-environmental production encompassing certified organic agriculture; ii) preserving of heritage of the site; iii) transfer of know-how and support of start-up financial capital from Austria; iv) existing external market for products; v) networking of partners and cooperation with local farmers; vi) educational activities in the field of environmentally friendly agricultural production; vii) innovation in the field of greening of production, storage and distribution of products; viii) development of tourism activities as a specific way of communication with customers and potential suppliers.

Sarajevo is a very interesting tourist destination. The official statistics of Canton Sarajevo show that tourists usually visit Sarajevo individually. The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between foreign tourists who came to Sarajevo individually and the ones whose travel was organized by a travel agency. The aim of this research is to compare foreign tourists from the aspect of the travel mode in relation to the declaration of tourists' satisfaction with a tourist destination, the general quality of this tourist destination offer, overall satisfaction, and loyalty. For the purposes of data analysis, descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test were used. The results have shown that foreign tourists who visited Sarajevo individually have a more positive attitude about perceived value, declaration of tourists' satisfaction with a tourist destination, and they are more willing to revisit Sarajevo in the future than the foreign tourists who visited through a travel agency / another organizer. Also, it has been shown that there is no statistically significant difference between visitors who visited Sarajevo individually and tourists who visited through a travel agency / another organizer in terms of the general quality of the tourist destination offer, overall satisfaction, and intention to recommend Sarajevo to their friends and relatives.

Understanding territorial processes has come to the focus of relevant enquiries in the past few decades but it is especially important in the case of less favoured areas. In this particular research project presented here, the major factors of endogenous development and their presence in the regions of Visegrad countries – Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary – have been investigated.
The theory of endogenous development, namely the utilisation of the given resources, has become the focus of many empirical analyses and it means the framework of quantitative analysis. The main aim of the paper is the examination and explanation of the effects of each capital on development.
A model is proposed that explains development and includes latent variables symbolising the forms of capital.  The model then is further examined using a Partial Least Squares (PLS) path analysis. This shows and helps to understand the connections between the various forms of capital, although the model is only valid in a Visegrad context.
The first part of the paper reviews the academic literature of development theories, and it outlines how the concept has been understood and developed in the last few decades. In the next chapter of the paper, the concept is examined from a narrower perspective and the focus is on the theory of endogenous development, which is assumed to be a qualitative change. Despite the fact that in this case it is very difficult to carry out quantitative analyses, they have an obvious relevance in regional research. Besides defining endogenous development, several models and capitals are compared in the paper. The compa rison shows the most important elements by the usage of which the development of the Visegrad regions becomes measurable.
The methodology of the empirical test can be found in the next chapter, and it means that research questions were tried to be answered based on the latest statistical indicators, i.e., the Eurostat database and the national databases of the Visegrad countries. In the abovementioned countries 115 NUTS3 regions can be found, hence this array of territories serves as the framework for the quantitative analysis. The territorial units are compared to multivariate analysis, so the accumulation of various forms of capitals has been analysed by PLS path analysis. With the help of the method, a simultaneous factor and regression analysis is run, enabling the analysis of the direct and indirect effects among the latent variables. It helps to highlight the effects of capitals on each of these.

The aim of the study is to analyse the changes in the socio-economic performance of Hungarian regions in the previous decade. The first part of the paper deals with the epistemological and methodological questions of the analysis of temporal change of spatial differences of various individual and composite socio-economic indicators. In the second part the empirical analysis will be conducted at the county level (NUTS 3 level, 20 spatial units), including a wide range of economic, social and demographic variables. The analysis is concerned with processes over an eleven-year period, 2010-2020. Our methodology combines the analysis of individual indicators with the use of complex aggregated indicators composed of several indicators. Some of the counties show higher level of socio-economic performance with more developed infrastructure, higher quality of education and stronger economic base. However, the picture is not entirely uniform, there are small, moderately positive and negative movements compared to the national average.

More and more tourists have visited places linked to mortality, catastrophes, or distressing events that led to the increased popularity of the niche market called dark tourism. Dark tourism cannot be considered as a new phenomenon; however, the interest in destinations associated with death is undoubtedly soaring. In the recent years, especially as a consequence of the considerably huge power of (social) media, dark tourism has gained more attention again, not only of the tourists but also of the academic researchers. Most of the time, ethical and moral issues are mentioned concerning dark tourism, but the risks threatening dark travelers are also crucial and important. The role of tourism safety and security perspective has got more interest and importance due to the terror attacks, or natural disasters that took place in the last decades. In spite of the disasters, tourists are willing to take a risk - as far as they are aware of them, and visit dangerous places. This paper aims to figure out the relationship between risk perception and dark tourism by combining and linking the relevant theories together, and exploring tourists' attitudes towards dark tourism and different travel risks based on a Hungarian sample.

The main objective of this study is to present the overarching history of a second-tier city (Miskolc, Hungary) in Central and Eastern Europe from its foundation to the current era and beyond, to the plans for the next EU programming period between 2021 -2027. The city has been in the crossroads of industries, cultures, borders, innovations and EU programming periods throughout its history. Our basic hypothesis was that with the overarching but systematically structured analysis and presentation of the history of the city, we can define its main development stages and gain deeper insights in the roots of the present and future tendencies. Thus, we studied and synthetized the literature about the history of the city and identified six phases in its development path based on two main aspects (1) geopolitics and legal status and (2) local economy and society. With a strong focus on the 20 th century, we summarized the main tendencies and city forming forces, actors and catalysts, and also identified some critical points. Finally, the determining and newest initiative for the next EU programming period between 2021 -2027 is introduced (Creative Region), that is expected to shape the future of the examined city and its region. Some conclusions are presented in the last chapter of the study.