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Health tourism is one of the main development areas of tourism in Hungary. Health tourism development projects may initiate orders to the construction industry, preserve jobs, create new value and new jobs, and the multiplier effect may be beneficial for small and medium size enterprises in the surroundings of the investments. They can effectively contribute towards diminishing spatial and regional discrepancies, as thermal reservoirs are situated under 70% of the total land area of Hungary.
The paper presents the results of a survey carried out in 2010 in three spa towns in the western part of Hungary. The objective of the research was to identify the role of spa tourism in the competitiveness of the three Hungarian counties (Baranya, Somogy and Zala) of the Croatian-Hungarian border area. The survey was focused on the local population of the three towns, and on the visitors of the spas. The objective was to identify the key success factors of spa development, the level of tourist satisfaction, the impacts of the spa on the local community. The survey was a part of a large project that analysed the role of health tourism in improving the competitiveness of the Croatian - Hungarian border region.
The surveys were completed in August and September 2010, in three spa towns - Hévíz, Harkány and Nagyatád - on samples of 100 residents and 100 spa visitors, in each town.
Generally local residents showed a positive attitude towards the spa as an attraction for leisure and pleasure, appreciating bathing more than healing. They are rather satisfied with the spa services, but food and drinks, and fitness services are considered of lower quality. In Hévíz the spa prices were considered too high for value, and this is really the most expensive spa of the three. The local residents of Harkány complained about technical improvements needed, while the citizens of the small town Nagyatád were very satisfied with their spa.
In Nagyatád the spa was considered less important in the socioeconomic life of the town than in the other two famous spa towns. However, in Hévíz and Nagyatád the incomes earned and carreer prospects in the spa and related hotels were considered worse than the town average. The relationship between town leadership and spa were considered rather negative in Harkány. Local residents have positive feelings towards tourists, but the positive impacts of tourism are felt only in Hévíz, although here parking problems and high prices were felt as negative impacts. In Harkány the low number of tourists and the high prices were the main negative aspects, while in Nagyatád no negative impacts of tourism were felt.
The most marked differences in the visitors of the three spas are with respect to age, length of stay, the motivation and purpose of visit, the accommodation taken, the daily spending and cost of accommodation, and the opinions on the spa services. While the tipical visitor to Hévíz is elderly, near the pensioner age, and stays for about two weeks for a medical treatment, paying a high price for the accommodation, who is not completely satisfied with the services offered by the spa and by the town, the typical visitor to Harkány is rather similar, but spends much less on accommodation. The visitors to Nagyatád, however, are 3-4 years younger, spend only a

This paper presents a sociological view of possibilities for the development of sustainable rural tourism in Koprivnica-Krizevci county, which is located in the north-western part of Croatia. The possibilities for developing rural tourism within the concept of sustainable development have been researched through qualitative empirical research interview method.
Research subjects were the owners of tourist farms, decision makers, experts and other stakeholders in the tourism development. Rural tourism represents an alternative to maritime tourism and is relatively undeveloped but important in terms of development of rural areas and family farms. This paper enables an insight into an integrated sustainability of rural tourism which consists of four dimensions: biological-ecological, economic, socio-cultural and political sustainability. In conclusion, integral sustainability in rural tourism is not achieved in all dimensions. Therefore, rural tourism could be a strategy for sustainable development for rural areas and also could be a tool for product differentiation for area that are at stagnation stage.

We had in 2010 a report to HSSV (Hungarian Scientific Society of Vojvodina) on development scenarios and employment forecast. The report and the conclusions are still valid. The development problems today are also current for Hungarian minorities who lives in Vojvodina.
We recognized that number of model has limitations to treat region as complex system and to characterize the future behavior. Therefore, we used a combination of a direct questionnaires and an expert scenario-assessment method.
We accepted that the most likely to achieve an economic development, which is strongly reflected in the role of the agricultural sector a certain level of small and medium-sized enterprises and remains a particular operation and stagnation. This indicates that this region of the endogenous levels of forces is not sufficient to form the engine of development. The economic development analyzes had indicated that the projections about the number of employees can be very important. The number of employees we could provide 22-year data series, which allowed the use of prognostic models. For making the forecast we used the SPSS ARIMA models. The forecasted results are based well by the R2 indicator.
The employment forecasts and possible scenarios of economic development are also point in the same direction, the region's communities, but also Vojvodina and Serbia, has to take urgent measures to make further progress, to prevent the region's falling behind.

The weather change of the recent decades caused changes that can be felt in Vojvodina, too. In this economy which mostly relies on agriculture, farmlands are afflicted with floods one year and drought in another. To balance these, canal systems are already built. Because of the size of the canal network, its periodic monitoring requires huge amount of work and recourses. Our research investigates possibility of aerial monitoring of regional irrigation and drainage canals using drones. Autonomous flying robots are becoming more and more popular in recent years. This is happening because the technology they are based on is getting less expensive, quadcopters have broken into the consumer market, so the manufacturing costs are constantly decreasing. This enables them to be used both in research and in the industry without having to pay huge amounts of money. In this research, a commercially available quadcopter has been used to monitor water canals around the city. By design, the device has a built-in camera and wireless internet capabilities. These allow to take photos, record video and upload them to the controlling device. It is also possible to stream the live video to the device in real time. The controlling device can be a personal computer, a tablet or even a mobile phone. It is planned that the client software be extended with capability to upload video and photos to the cloud for later reference. Also, other sensors can be added to the device, too.

Bailiwick of Guernsey, situated in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy, just like Jersey and the Isle of Man, is an UK Crown dependency and an autonomous jurisdiction. These Crown dependencies are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations nor of the European Union. Furthermore, Guernsey is not part of France nor of the United Kingdom. This atypical status of Guernsey runs back several hundred years: from 1204 the island takes advantage of its special legal status and in general, it has not been managed badly. Despite all this, it cannot be considered as a totally independent, sovereign state. In addition to its special legal status, Guernsey is considered to be special in regard to its money system. According to a very popular story spread across the economic literature, the issuance of Guernsey pound prospered the island as some kind of a magic cure. While it is a considerable part, the current paper emphasize that it was not the only factor. The issuance happened in an economically declining period of Guernsey: after the Napoleonic wars the previous successful economic situation became worse mainly because of the actions of the British authorities that suppressed smuggling, a formerly thriving economic sector of the island. People established their living on this activity were hit hard, but as before, looked for opportunities where their unique status could be used efficiently, and thus, could stabilize their conditions (shipbuilding, vegetable production, tourism, etc.). Guernsey's money system, however, remains an important topic as its way of operation is indeed unusual in the global economy. Whereas money supply in most countries consists primarily of privately issued bank-debt money (about 95%), Guernsey (States of Guernsey) finance its public spending via quasi state issued money since 1817. This type of money system is usually termed as 'public money system' and receives a growing attention nowadays.

In the context of the cultural tourism, this paper focuses on the traditional folk event with national importance that is held in the Czech Republic and its name is Porta. The aim is to assess characteristic traits and satisfaction of two age categories of Porta's visitors. Through the realised research among visitors, the importance of segmentation was proved. Hence, it is crucial to focus on getting to know the visitors and their motivation. In addition to that, cultural events are also important for local government. According to the officials of local government, where this event is held, such events are able to attract visitors to the particular locality. However, they have only limited opportunities how to support these events (especially from the financial viewpoint).

Over the past few years the number of farmers' markets in Hungary has considerably grown what was induced both by the growing demand and the occurrence of facilitated authorization requirements. At the same time according both to international and Hungarian experience the dynamic increase in the number of farmers' markets has occurred together with a notably high closure rate.
Markets having characteristically small number of vendors, narrow variety of products, unsatisfactory organizing capacity and experience, as well as markets operating at an inadequate site were generally closed during the first four years.
The present study aims to describe a factor system relevant for the site selection of markets that was made measurable by the adaption of a multi dimension criteria system developed in the United States of America for domestic circumstances. The final aim is the development of a toolkit that can help in the evaluation by this in the comparison of the existing and potential markets sites in Hungary.

The participation of Hungary and Hungarian regions outside of Hungary in transnational and interregional programmes within the framework of the third objective (European Territorial Cooperation) of the European Union's Cohesion Policy 2007-2013 is an indicator suitable for analysing the international networking activity of Central European national minorities. These programme areas are very well in alignment with the settlement areas of Hungarians and thus it provides a great opportunity for cooperation in the field of regional developments. The study on the participation of Hungarian organizations in and outside of Hungary in the programming period of 2007-2013 shows; however, that Hungarian organizations outside of Hungary only partly utilize their networking potential and they worked with organisations of the mother country in only a few projects. Policies on cooperation may contribute to further utilize this networking potential.

Health tourism plays an important role in regional development - mainly in settlement development plans. This paper offers a composite competitiveness index for settlements - an index elaborated on the basis of general competitiveness theories, but which also utilises relevant factors of tourism competitiveness. Our analysis is limited to settlements with medicinal and thermal baths from two Hungarian regions, West Transdanubia and South Transdanubia. The former is a central region from the perspective of tourist flows and the latter is a peripheral region - which entails more opportunities for analysis. After a short review of currently recognised theoretical models, a composite index was constructed. The study attempts to explain the methodology of index-construction and the figures analysed; we finally analyse the results at sub-index level. The focus of the article is to demonstrate relevant factors of tourism competitiveness and to show the first results - basically to prepare for further, deeper investigation. The study is published in accordance with OTKA-project No. 106283.

The Hungarian and the European Union's population is growing older, which is a widespread phenomenon that is caused by three major drivers of population ageing are declining fertility, falls in mortality, and net migration. In Hungary the reduction of fertility has been dramatic since 1949, the total fertility rate - that is, the number of children born per woman - has dropped by half, from 2,54 children per woman in 1949 to 1,24 in 2011. As people of reproductive age have fewer children, the proportion of children and young persons decreases, and results in a corresponding increase of the older age share of the population. Mortality has also continued to decline, especially at older ages. The increasing survival at advanced ages caused the increase of the proportion of the older population.
The age composition of the population is transitioning to an older structure reflected by the comparison of age pyramids between 1960 and 2011. In 1960 the pyramid had a relatively triangular shape, and till 2011 the base of the age pyramid narrowed, the shape had transitioned to one that bulged at the working ages, denoting a population where ageing was already under way.
The median age, a simplest and most widely used indicator of population aging, raised markedly in the past fifty years, indicating that half of the Hungarian population in 2011 is above age 40. The median age of Hungarian population is under de EU-27 average with 1.2 years.
Hungarians live longer than ever before (the life expectancy at birth has increased by 11,65 years for mans and by 14,83 years for woman since 1949), and an increasing part of these longer lives is spent in good health due to improved health and living conditions and major medical advances and investments in the health system. At the same time the life expectancy of older people (age 65 and more) has increased rapidly.
In the recent years demographers started to take into account the fact that older people today are, in general, more active and healthier than in previous generations, and adjusted the traditional indicators available for measuring population aging for increases in life expectancy. New measures were described by introducing the concept of prospective age. Old age was defined based on the old-age threshold, beginning at ages where remaining life expectancy is 15 or fewer years. The study of proportion of Hungary's population who are 65 and older and the proportion at ages with remaining life expectancies of 15 or fewer years leads us to very different conclusions. The conventional measure, begins with 8,9 percent 1960 and rises slowly to 16,7 percent in 2011. In contrast, the life expectancy adjusted measure shows that the population was actually getting younger (in 2011 the indicator's level was 0,4 percentage points lower than half century ago).
A common indicator used to capture the social impact of population aging is the old-age dependency ratio (the older population related to the population of working age). According to this indicator, the demographic pressure is lowest in the Central and Easter European countries, and the highest values are recorded by (with values of 29% or over) in Italy, Germany, Portugal and Greece. In Hungary, the impact of demographic ageing is clearly visible in the old-age dependency ra

The tourism sector produces the 8.5% of the Hungarian gross domestic product (GDP), provides 400 thousand workplaces and has an important role in improvement of commercial balance of the country. Moreover this sector makes a contribution in utilization of local resources as well as regional equalization and at the same time has a positive effect on quality of life. The key role of tourism is confirmed by the approximately one billion euros that serves the purposes of tourism development in Hungary between 2007 and 2013 supported by EU sources.
In the last decades the mobilization of local resources gets a more significant role in development activities that attach importance to regional approach and complexity. At present the potentially utilizable resources of the rural regions are underutilized or unutilized. The reason for this, that the local actors do not reach the critical size which can make profitable the resume of previously operable activities. The individual attractions are known almost without exception, however the frames of utilization are not appropriate, and those are not combined in programs lasting more than one day.
Our paper is a part of a research programme that lays the foundation of a new tourist information point in Gyöngyös which will help the tourists arriving into Mátra region to enter relations with tourist suppliers. In addition the Infopoint improves the service environment and establishes new attractions. We have defined the area of activities of the prospective tourist centre, where we perform field works. We identify the actors of the tourism region, such as accommodation suppliers, caterers, organizers of tourist events, "proprietors" scenic spots and producers of local products as well as associations that promoting traditions. The objective of "Mátra Point" is not only providing and marketing tourist services, the regional organizing and generating role is necessary too. Our studies make a survey of the connection points to potential partners and economic operators of the region. We try to predict the quality and measure of the results to be expected.
The majority of tourists travel within the own region. The journeys to the neighbouring targets have significant importance in a moderate travel demand. Consequently the visitors of the planned investment will arrive from the bordering areas. The accessibility within the region and to the neighbouring regions has a crucial importance, but this is determined by the local traffic conditions and we cannot influence it. The position of "Mátra Point" is very advantageous because it has good connection to a motorway and virtually it is the gate of the Mátra tourism region.
We examined the motivation of the potential target groups and the distribution of guest nights by type of quarters, so we can declare that the arriving tourists will have resort to the cheaper rural accommodations. On the basis of internal traffic the number of guests in rural accommodations is the highest in Northern Hungary. Considering the disadvantageous tendency of macroeconomic factors which have influence on travel habit, the potential guests will spend 1-3 nights in the region, who will arrive from within the region and from the neighbouring region. The other important target group is the population of the s

Hungary joined to the European Union in 2004, it has been receiving from Structural Funds (European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund), and Cohesion Fund. The goal of my study is to show the support system from these funds.
Since 2004 when Hungary has joined to the European Union the National Develepment Plan 1st, the New Hungarian Development Plan and the New Széchenyi Plan show due experiences to the Serbian joining from the advantages and disadvantages about tender system, give advice and improved points to the joining member. The Hungarian participants (tender offices, examiner institutions, round of applicants from non-profit and for-profit sector) and the tender system could be interesting for Serbia, because we have some problems in many places than the neighboring state, and our answers give good or bad examples for them. The making of the operative programs and the regional development with this co-fund system effect on social problems, if we use that money in appropriate places.
The past 9 years have shown the consumptions of sources, the published data by National Develepment Agency becomes measured the sources of regional applications within the seven statictical-planning region of Hungary. In my study firstly I have searched about non-refundable grants for the sector of small- and medium-sized enterprises, separating the results of the National Development Plan, the New Hungary Development Plan and the New Széchenyi Plan.
In my study I would like to search answers for how utilized the co-foundation by the Hungarian member state, what is the direct and indirect results of these support and which direction provides for the acceding member states - such as Serbia.
I wish that my study will contribute to evolve together the goals and priorities for the stability of the Europen Union, and measure the potential risks for member states and support participants as well. The members of European Union have to release social consultation by operative programs between 2014 and 2020 to follow the partnership principle, to develop the most appropriate co-funding system for social and economic sector from input opinions. The Hungarian institutional system will operate new institutional structure in the following planning period, the existing legislations - 1600/2012. (XII. 17.) government decision, and the 1814/2013. (XI. 14.) government decision - the Managing Authorities of National Development Agency will consist of particular ministries, so the applicants will have to adapt the new call for proposals and the new institutional structure. The changing of institutional system purposes that the call for proposal system become more simple, the small- and medium-sized enterprise sector will give more non-refundable grant and less administrative load.
In my study I show the history of regional co-fund supports, the Hungarian institutional system from 2006, and regional grants which can be resort Hungarian enterprises, present the National Development Plan, the New Hungarian Development Plan, the New Széchenyi Plan and the expectations for the period between 2014 and 2020.

Since the 1990s the European Union has paid more and more attention to subsidising cross-border developments. Cross-border co-operations are of outstanding importance since the length of the state border is comparatively large and a significant part of the Hungarian inhabitants live in the border region (Horváth, 2002). In the course of our research we studied the success of projects in the frame of the Austria-Hungary Cross-border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013. After a brief introduction of the special characteristics of the border region and cross-border programs our aim was to explore the factors by which the success of the tender projects can be measured. Based on the empirical research we conducted that the success of the projects in the studied program can be measured through the time factor, the project management success and the satisfaction of the target groups. We also examined in what proportion the studied organizations can be considered as successful based on these success factors; and what kind of groups, clusters can be developed from them.

The paper focuses on introducing spaces of social exclusion in East Central Europe and interpreting spatial processes of the area within this framework. In order to interpret the multidimensional characteristics of social exclusion, domains and dimensions of the phenomenon are represented while territorial aspects of exclusion are illustrated by the generalization of spatial patterns.
Research questions touch upon that what kind of spatial dimensions differentiate territorial aspects of social exclusion in East Central Europe, and what relationships can be discovered between them and other social characteristics. Furthermore, the paper summarize the changes in territorial patterns of social exclusion took place during the 2000s in East Central Europe.

Human resources play a prominent role in the analysis of the development and competitiveness of the SME sector, therefore the discussion of the human resources is inevitable during the general characterisation of the sector. The development of and application of the appropriate organisational culture, motivation, competence are fundamental competitiveness factors of the success of SMEs. Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be adapted to the SMEs. The role of the state is necessary for the success of SMEs. The European Union continues to give special emphasis to the SME sector in the future, as one of the key business sectors influencing the economic success of a nation.

The focus of the paper is on how Central-European cities can join the global urban network by taking part in offering high level business services for multinational companies. Companies offering these high level business services are multinational companies themselves, which locate their offices in the production and service-providing centers. New centralities and marginalities occur, and a key question how the fragmented Central European urban structure mainly characterised by small cities is affected by these changes, which cities became global cities, and which cities can be integrated in the urban network on a regional level. The hypothesis is justified by the examinations, mainly the integration of capital cities can be witnessed. Primary gravity centers are Warsaw and Vienna, besides Prague and Budapest can be identified as global cities of the region. The Central-European space is connected as a macro-region, all capital cities are on the map of examination, no new periphery occurs on macro level. The role of big cities apart from capital cities is in strong correlation with the relevant country's urban network, with its mono- vs polycentric type of organization.

Demographic shrinkage has created 'new' challenges in the spatial and urban development of the developed world and its semi periphery for nearly three and a half decades and it requires a different way of thinking and different solutions as well compared to previous development practices. Theoretical research and development activities in practice are further aggravated by the mono-minded mentality of society, economy and politics fallen a victim to charms of 'growth'; the slow recognition of the fact of spatial-urban shrinkage and the reluctance to deal with the problem (especially on the semi periphery). In this paper I would like to outline the settlement and spatial problems of demographic shrinkage and suggest certain theoretical solutions being aware of the fact that there is no universal solution for shrinkage; each and every settlement has to find and carry out their own solution - emphasising the mobilisation of the endogenous resources of the given region or settlement.

I think that the equal opportunity and the underprivileged marginal labour-market layers' significance play an important role in the economics of our days, so the women's labour-market participation. Analysing the Hungarian data lines, we can see that the women's labour-market participation significantly lags behind the men's. I wish to prove with a questionnaire survey that in the North-Hungarian region the women's labour-market situation and the career opportunities of the researcher women lags behind the men's slightly. Based on my research, beyond the women's traditional home tasks have appeared the claims for work derives from the employment, so the double burden is put into practice, too. we can explain with the difficulties of the compatibility of childbearing and the work, the undertaking extra limited tasks of the workplace, providing extra performance which is sensible for the women, that in the North-Hungarian region the female career path move more slowly than the men's.

In our study we shall analyse the spatial aspects of the Romani-Hungarian coexistence based on the field research results of the village seminar workshop organized by the Szent István University (Gödöllő). We present two different situations: one segregate analysis using Baks as an example, where we find a settlement considered as majority, and a Romani segregate; and provincial ghettoization using Átány as an example, where due to a previous site termination the Romani people dispersed over the whole village area. We conducted surveys in both settlements in order to find out the local residents' opinion on the development of the value of the inhabited area. Our goal on the one hand is to present the method of ethnicity analysis by mental mapping in rural areas, and on the other in addition to offering methodological practices is to point out a few important takeaways of the spatiality of the Romani-Hungarian coexistence based on our actual experiences.

Scientific collaboration is a widely studied science field in the recent decades. For measuring, it a tighter approach co-authorship is frequently used. Co-authorship base level is the level of articles and the co-authorship networks are based on articles and authors. In this study a rather different level was examined: the level of journals. We used the approach of collaboration analysis regarding the relation between countries and journals. Two main groups of methods were used: statistical analysis and networks analysis. The goal was to explore patterns between journals and countries. We investigated the relations between journal ranking and affiliated countries. We were interested if there are any differences between a "hard" and a "soft" science field. Both of our methodological approaches showed similar answers to research questions. The differences were minimal between "hard" and "soft" science fields. The journals with the highest and the lowest journal ranking had the highest inequalities in the distribution of countries.

Food festivals are a mainstay of the festival sector and some surveys show that they currently account for 30 percent. Despite this, we know very little about this important part of event tourism, and its economic and social impacts. This study tries to show, by econometric methods, the impacts on the local economy made by food festivals - and, at the same time, fhe effects -of the multiplicator and spillover factors.
This paper looks for some correlation between the local index-number of tourism and gastronomic festivals, using data from more than 200 events and festivals and 123 settlements. The first step in the survey was to determine two tourism factors, and this was followed by our methodological studies of these factors.
Although the summarized conclusions may not support the general opinion as can be found in the relevant literature - that is, a positive correlation between gastronomic festivals and local tourism, new research directions are revealed.

The authors of this study examined the destination image of Lake Balaton which region is one of the top tourist destinations in Hungary. The empirical research was designed to obtain answers to two questions: whether the image of the region well recognizable and the much-discussed "Balaton-brand" could be formed? Research results indicate the different views about the region's image of the various stakeholders, the lack of effective communication between tourism operators and those professionals are not sufficiently aware of tourists' views.
The touristic region of Balaton has had an important role in the tourism of Hungary and the tourism supply of the region has undergone a huge transformation in the past period. In spite of these positive changes the main characteristic of the Balaton is still the shortness of its high season which is characterized by bathing in the lake. To enhance competitiveness, apart from broadening complex services it is necessary to introduce a clear Balaton brand and image on both internal and international markets.

Student mobility between two European countries in transition, Hungary and Serbia, was considered for the period 2001-2010. The high motivation and number of Hungarian-speaking students emigrating/commuting to Hungary began in 1990, with the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars. In 2010, 1,385 Hungarian-speaking students (from Vojvodina, Serbia) studied in Hungary and 3,152 in Serbia. Student mobility between Hungary and Serbia is highly concentrated and causes a very low returning rate of educated young elite (approximately 30%). For this reason, the future of the Hungarian minority has begun to be put into question in Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, where their percentage within whole population is noticeably decreasing (1991: 16.9%, 2001: 14.3%). The research has been focused on answering the following questions: Are there integration conflicts in the autochthon minority within the state borders of Serbia? What can higher education offer to these students? Does the region offer enough to provide perspectives for young members of the elite? Will early student mobility end with continuous emigration?
Empirical background: Interviews with young adult migrants from Serbia to Hungary ; Location: Serbia. Objective: To examine the motives and willingness to emigrate among the Hungarian young adults/students from Vojvodina. Interview subjects: 18 university/college students or young adults with a diploma (from Vojvodina). It is important to note that only those young adults were interviewed who have returned to Serbia having finished their educational career or who are likely to come back later. Conclusions in brief: The Yugoslav Wars, worsening economic conditions, and low living standards have significantly influenced the willingness of the youth to migrate. The motives of migration among the Hungarian youth in Vojvodina are gaining professional experience, broadening knowledge, and improving language. Hungary is the first target country of migration for linguistic and cultural reasons and in the last 20 years has naturally become the target country of permanent settling and emigration of the young Hungarian elite.

The objective of the study is to introduce the potentials of local economic development in one of the least favoured micro regions, Tamási. The paper examines operating and planned activities at settlements of the micro region. The authors introduce local economic development activities that support tourism. The economic development planning in Tamási micro region has typically two directions. One of them is the utilisation of thermal water and the use of further potentials of the thermal bath (Ability), such as to achieve tourism destination function in Hungary. Secondly, the local government aims to sell its fruits and vegetables produced in the frame of public employment programme for local market and institutions. The supply of local population has got in focus because of current external opportunities (or force?) in the settlements being traditionally agricultural area. The objective is to join the local tourism attractions and destinations with other existing local developments, which is hold back by the owners of developments. The authors - by keeping in mind local conditions and endogenous resources - define recommendations for settlements to be able to create a well-organised framework of local economic development.

The tourism of Kanjiza is commonly based on its health and spa offer, while sport, recreation and events may be added as supplementary. Considering that in the year of 2005 tourism became one of the priorities in the Development Strategy of Kanjiza Municipality, a more intense promotion of its tourist potentials has been conducted on the tourism market.
The objective of this paper is to perceive, using the method of opinion poll, the effects of promotional activities on tourists, in order to realize what kind of image among its visitors Kanjiza has as a tourist destination. To begin a research of this kind, first of all, the term of the image of tourist destination is needs to be perceived, along with the theoretical and methodological framework of the usage of the opinion poll, as a specific instrument of the market research. It is also important to define the advantages and disadvantages of the different type of questions, which are usually a part of the opinion poll. The research of this kind belongs to the field of marketing research and it is important from the angle of reviewing the previous results and making conclusions in order to improve marketing activities to reach a better position on the market of tourism and keep it.
The structure of the respondents varies by gender and age group, while domestic tourists dominate among them. The major findings of the research are related to the data analysis obtained from the respondents, are the basic view of the image of Kanjiza as a tourist destination, and recommendation were given about further marketing activities. The seeking answers are about the questions of ideas associatiated with Kanjiza, sources of information, purposes of visiting, rating of the elements of the promotional activities which have impact on the quality of the whole tourist destination, the accuracy and truthfulness of promotional activities and suggestions for the improvement of the promotional activities.
The "Spa of Kanjiza" is most frequently associated with Kanjiza and the most common purpose of visiting this town, although other amenities are also related to Kanjiza as a tourist destination. One of the results of this research which indicates that informing about Kanjiza via the Internet is significant, emphasizes that the subjects of the local tourism industry (the Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation "Banja Kanjiza", private hotels and private accommodation owners, the local tourist organization, even the local government) need to approach the development of the so-called e-marketing seriously, which includes advertising, interaction with potential tourists and distribution of the products via the Internet.
The quality of the tourist products and the whole tourist destination is one of the conditions of the long-term success on the tourism market, where instead of low prices, value for money has become the main request of the subjects of the travel demand. The image of the tourist destination is being formed not only during the stay, but also upon the information obtained in the tourists' hometown and the memories about the destination after their holiday. Particular elements of the promotion could be directly related to the quality of the tourist destination and rated, using scales, by which the visitors can express thei

The purpose of my study is to perform an analysis with the application of regional statistical data, in order to understand the changes within the number of the population at South-Heves in the past period, and to the reveal its special characteristics compared to regional, national trends. The examined area is a classic internal periphery, a region "hit severely by social, economic and environmental crisis" (according to the draft proposal of Heves county's regional development concept (2014-2020)). Considering such regions, besides the examination of the intention to migrate, it is also important to see who will remain in the region. Experiences show that in case of regions with a more disadvantageous situation than average, generally classes of lower social statuses will become dominant, while as it is described by Győri-Nagy (2003), "the escape of competent classes of the population" can be observed. It results in a contra -selected local society which is unable to retain the young and ambitious.
The future of the affected regions, settlements is largely determined by the perspectives perceived by young people who live there, and who shall start their families and careers there in the near future. I have conducted an empirical research amongst high-school students living and studying at South-Heves, focusing on issues such as whether the high-school age-group of this classic periphery is considering migration; if so, then what are the reasons, destinations, and as an important question from the aspect of the national strategy as well, how could these young people who are longing to go elsewhere manage their lives here, and how could we make them stay in their homeland (in a narrow sense). By investigating the intention to migrate, we also receive indirect answers for questions such as how could significant regional differences be reduced, and how could we close the gap in case of the most disadvantageous regions.