DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Regional Development and Tourism 2010, 2(2):5-29 | DOI: 10.32725/det.2010.010
Cilj članka je da se predstavi komparativne prednosti Vojvodine, da se ukaže na nedovoljno iskorišćene mogućnosti i da definiše sredstva, instrumente i privredne politike koji bi mogli da utiču na povećanje konkurentnosti privrede Vojvodine.
Sredstva i instrumenti privredne politike za adekvatnije reagovanje vlasti na pokrajinskom nivou su posmatrana u kontekstu novog modela razvoja Srbije koji predstavlja odgovor na globalnu finansijsku krizu, u kontekstu promenjenog pravnog okvira kada je Vojvodina u pitanju i povećanih mogućnosti uticanja na ekonomski razvoj regiona i u svetlu procesa pridruživanja Srbije Evropskoj uniji, gde Vojvodina kao rubni region uživa mogućnosti korišćenja prekogranične saradnje kao instrumenta ekonomskog razvoja i kao instrumenta upravljanja otvorenim sistemom.
Cilj članka je da osvetli ulogu postojećih instrumenata privredne politike Vojvodine (Program privrednog razvoja AP Vojvodine) u jačanju regionalne konkurentnosti i sugeriše načine na koji oni mogu biti adaptirani prema zahtevima naredne faze ekonomskog razvoja regiona.
U radu su razmotreni i osnovni nalazi i preporuke studije "Konkurentnost privrede Vojvodine" koju je Vojvodina CESS objavio 2010. godine u oblasti spoljne trgovine, a pored toga su izloženi i najvažniji rezultati terenskog istraživanja faktora konkurentnosti koje je CESS izvršio krajem 2009. godine.
U radu je analizrana dinamika i struktura spoljnotrgovinske razmene Vojvodine u periodu 1990-2008. godine. Osnovne karakteristike spoljnotrgovinske razmene Vojvodine su kontinurani deficit, koji pokazuje tendenciju povećanja sa rastom spoljnotrgovinske razmene, i nepovoljna struktura izvoza u kome dominiraju poljoprivredni i drugi proizvodi niskog stepena prerade. Pored toga, u radu su analizirani rezultati merenja otkrivene komparativne prednosti u spoljnotrgovinskoj razmeni Vojvodine sa inostranstvom, na nivou celokupne privred Vojvodine i grupa proizvoda. Analiza otkrivene komparativne prednosti pokazuje da privreda Vojvodine kao celina nema komparativne prednosti, što je posledica deficita koji Vojvodina ima u robnoj razmeni sa inostranstvom, dok je analizia otkrivene komparativne prednosti na novu grupa proizvoda pokazala da najveći broj grupa konkurentnih proizvoda pripadaju sektorima primarne proizvodnje, niskog stepena prerade. Analiza stepena koncentracije i specijalizacije izvoza i uvoza Vojvodine pokazala je da Vojvodina nema konkurentne, međunarodno prepoznatljive proizvode na svetskom tržištu.
Terensko istraživanje koje je CESS izvršio na uzorku od 301 preduzeća, pokazalo je stavove poslovnih ljudi o: poslovnoj klimi, necenovnim faktorima konkurentnosti, glavnim konkurentskim prednostima Vojvodine kao regiona, grane u kojoj posluju i njihovih preduzeća, relevantnim tržištima za Vojvodinu. Pored toga u radu su razmotrena očekivanja privrednika veazana za članstvo u EU i WTO, o direktnim stranim ulaganjima kao i investiciona očekivanja privrednika.
Na kraju rada sumirane su preporuke za vođenje politike jačanja konkurentnosti u Vojvodini.
The objective of the paper is to point to comparative advantages of Vojvodina, to point to insufficiently used potentials and to determine the resources and instruments of economic policy that could affect the increase of competitiveness of economy of Vojvodina.
The resources and instruments of economic policy for more adequate reacting of the authorities at the provincial level are analysed in the context of a new model of development of Serbia that represents the reply to the global financial crisis, in the context of changed legal framework when it comes to Vojvodina and increased possibilities of influencing economic development of the region and in the light of the association process of Serbia into the European Union, where Vojvodina as the border region enjoys the possibilities of use of cross-border co-operation as an instrument of economic development and instrument of an open system management.
The objective of the paper was to enlighten the role of the existing instruments of economic policy of Vojvodina (Integrated Regional Development Programme of the AP Vojvodina) in strengthening of regional competitiveness and suggest the ways in which they can be adapted in line with requirements of the following stage of economic development of the region.
The paper analyses the main findings and recommendations of the "Study of Competitiveness of Vojvodina" that CESS published in 2010 in the field of foreign trade. In addition, it presents the most significant results of the field research of factors of competitiveness that CESS conducted by the end of 2009.
The paper analyses the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of Vojvodina in the period from 1990 to 2008. The main characteristics of foreign trade exchange of Vojvodina include continuous deficit, which shows the tendency of increase in line with the growth of foreign trade, and unfavourable structure of export that is dominated by agricultural and other products of a low processing rate. In addition, the paper also analyses the results of measurements of the revealed comparative advantage in foreign trade exchange of Vojvodina at the level of overall economy of Vojvodina and groups of products. The analysis of the revealed comparative advantage shows that economy of Vojvodina as a whole has no comparative advantages, which is the consequence of deficit that Vojvodina has in commodity exchange with foreign countries. The analysis of the revealed comparative advantage for a new group of products showed that the largest number of groups of competitive products belonged to the sectors of primary production, i.e. those of a low processing rate. The analysis of the extent of concentration and specialisation of export and import of Vojvodina showed that Vojvodina had no competitive, internationally recognised products at the world market.
The field research that CESS conducted on the sample of 301 companies showed the attitudes of entrepreneurs on business climate, non-price competitiveness factors, main competitive advantages of Vojvodina as a region, industries they were involved in and their companies, and relevant markets for Vojvodina. In addition to that, the paper also analyses the expectations of entrepreneurs related to membership in the EU and WTO, direct foreign investments as well as investment expectations of entrepreneurs.
In the end of the paper, the recommendations for policy of enhancing of competitiveness in Vojvodina have been summarised.
Published: July 31, 2010 Show citation
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